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Questions
Q.1. Refer to the National Bureau of Economic Research’s (NBER) website on U.S. business cycle expansions and contractions (www.nber.org/cycles.html). Use the data provided, along with your knowledge of macroeconomic theory and policy, to answer the following three questions. (Each question carries 10 marks.)
- How have the durations of U.S. business cycle expansions and recessions changed in recent decades? Include specific data examples to identify any notable trends. (500 words)
- What macroeconomic theories and policies help explain the observed trends in business cycles? Briefly discuss fiscal and monetary policy roles using course concepts. (500 words)
- Do longer expansions and shorter recessions indicate economic health? Critically evaluate. Consider broader impacts such as inequality, structural risks, and recovery quality. (500 words)
(Please note: Each question targets a distinct but interconnected aspect of business cycle analysis—factual observation, theoretical explanation, and critical evaluation. Use clear examples, apply relevant macroeconomic concepts from the course, and support your answers with insights from the NBER data. Be concise, analytical, and structured in your responses.)
Q.2. Choose a real government policy introduced to support the economy during a downturn (e.g. jobkeeper, stimulus cheques, tax relief). Do you believe this policy was effective in boosting aggregate demand and stabilising the economy? Critically explain your position using macroeconomic reasoning. (800 to 1000 words)
Q.3. Multinational companies often face risks due to exchange rate fluctuations. Imagine you’re advising a company that imports raw materials and exports finished goods. How would a sudden depreciation of the local currency affect its costs, pricing strategy, and competitiveness in global markets? What steps could the firm take to manage this exchange rate risk? (500 to 700 words)
Q.4. Several GCC governments introduced stimulus measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and oil price shocks. Choose a policy or measure from a GCC country and evaluate